Updated 2026-06-17 · 5 minute read
What an STL file is
An STL file is a common 3D model file used for printing objects. In tabletop gaming, STL files are often used for miniatures, terrain pieces, bases, tokens, vehicles and accessories. The file describes the shape of the model as a mesh of triangles. It does not usually contain rules, paint guides, lore, material settings or a guarantee that the model will print cleanly on every machine.
Think of the STL as the digital object, not the finished miniature. To turn it into a physical piece, the file must be prepared in slicing software, supported if necessary, and printed on a resin or filament printer. The print then needs cleaning, curing or cleanup depending on the printing method.
STL, slicer and supports
- STL: the model geometry.
- Slicer: software that turns the model into printer instructions.
- Supports: temporary structures that hold overhangs while printing.
- Pre-supported files: versions where the creator has already added supports.
- Hollow files: models with internal space to reduce resin use, usually needing drainage holes.
Resin or FDM?
Resin printers are common for highly detailed miniatures because they capture small faces, weapons, armour and texture well. FDM printers, which use filament, are often better for large terrain, buildings and functional hobby parts. Both can use STL files, but the same model may not be equally suitable for both processes.
Licences and selling prints
Buying or downloading an STL does not automatically mean you can sell printed copies. Many files are for personal use only. Some creators offer merchant licences that allow commercial printing under specific conditions. Always check the licence before sharing files, selling prints or uploading modified versions.
Common problems
Beginners often assume every attractive render will be easy to print. Look for photos of actual prints, sensible part cuts, supported versions and comments from other hobbyists. Very thin swords, capes, ankles and antennae may look dramatic but break easily during cleaning or play.
Useful next steps
Read What Is 3D Printing For Tabletop Gaming?, browse STL and 3D-printing creators, and compare terrain makers if you would rather buy finished pieces.